Introduction: The proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix increases in the Glial scar during spinal cord injury and significantly affects the inhibition of axonal regeneration. Methods: The results of injury therapies are limited due to the lack of identifying a timely therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to investigate the Glial scar Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) and Dermatan Sulfate (DS) levels at different post-injury times to determine the appropriate time for therapeutic intervention. Results: By this experimental study, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups, as follows: control, sham, injured animals at 1, 2, 4, and 8 days, as well as 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-injury. The animals in the injured groups were contused in the T10 segment of the spinal cord. The motor function of animals was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test. Besides, the histological assessment was performed using Luxol Fast Blue and Bielshovisky Staining. The CS and DS levels of lesions were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Conclusion: The motor function assessment indicated a relative recovery over time. Histological results confirmed some regeneration in the injury site at 20 weeks post-injury. The ELISA results demonstrated a much higher level of DS than that of CS in the Glial scar. Considering high levels of DS, compared to CS in the Glial scar and its reduction from second weeks after SCI onwards, the second week after SCI seems to be the best time for therapeutic interventions in terms of scar permeability.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is the most important greenhouse product in Yazd province of Iran. In the recent years, Fusarium crown and stem rot have been the major disease of greenhouse cucumber in the Yazd Province. In recent years various methods have been proposed to identify isolates of F. oxysporum. Due to defects of morphological characteristics to identify species and sub groups of Fusarium genus, research on molecular tools for determining evolutionary relationships of species have been studied. ForcF1 and ForcR2 specific primers to identify isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum were used to amplify genomic regions OPB-07. All isolates after using specific primers produced bands with molecular weights were bp277. In the present study for the first time in IRAN by using scar primers, molecular identification of this form specialize was performed.

Gestational choriocarcinoma, a rare variant of gestational trophoblastic disease, typically arises from abnormal trophoblastic cell proliferation post-pregnancy, often associated with a hydatidiform mole. While most choriocarcinoma cases develop within the uterine cavity, an exceedingly rare manifestation occurs within a previous cesarean section scar. In our study, a 31-year-old woman with a history of hydatidiform mole presented with amenorrhea and spotting. Initial assessments revealed elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) levels and a heteroechoic mass at her prior cesarean section scar in sonographic examination. Histopathologic findings and the metastatic workup categorized the patient as FIGO stage I, indicating no metastasis. Due to the absence of metastasis, adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted. Total abdominal hysterectomy confirmed choriocarcinoma. Post-surgery, βhCG levels notably decreased, remaining negative during the two-year follow-up with no reported symptoms. Our findings suggest that surgical resection and meticulous βhCG monitoring may be a promising treatment strategy for non-metastatic choriocarcinoma.

Background and Objectives: scar endometrioma is a rare event following cesarean section and in some cases after hysterectomy and pelvic laparoscopy. Patients with scar endometrioma are usually referred to general surgeon with diagnosis of incisional hernia or lipoma. Here, we present nine patients with diagnosis of mass in the surgical scar to emphasize the diagnostic procedures and therapeutical measures. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, confirmed cases of scar endometrioma based on pathology reports in medical documents were selected.Data including clinical presentation, duration of symptoms, interval between operation and onset of the clinical symptoms, preoperative assessment and management were collected.Results: The mean age of patients was 29.7 years. In most patients, the common symptom was painful lump in the scar of previous cesarean section or laparotomy incision for ectopic pregnancy. Accurate preoperative diagnosis was made only in two patients. The duration of symptoms ranged from 3 months to 3 years. Ultrasonography or CT Scan had a little role in identifying the exact diagnosis. All patients underwent exploration and wide excision of the lump. There was no recurrence within a four-years follow up of the patients.Conclusion: scar endometrioma is an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a painful lump in scars for caesarean section or laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy. Although extensive diagnostic work up has been suggested, surgical excision is both diagnostic and curative.

scar endometriosis is a rare type of extra pelvic endometriosis characterized by functional endometrial tissue in surgical wounds, often occurring after obstetric or gynecological surgeries. It typically presents as a painful lump near the surgical scar, with symptoms worsening during menstruation. We report a case of a 28-year-old multiparous woman who experienced cyclical pain and bleeding at the site of a previous tubal ligation for two years. Clinical examination showed a tender, nodular swelling with active bleeding during menses. Imaging revealed a vascular lesion near the rectus muscle, confirming scar endometriosis. A wide surgical excision was performed, and histopathology confirmed endometrial tissue in the scar. The patient's recovery was smooth, with no recurrence noted. This case underscores the need to recognize cyclical symptoms at surgical scars as important indicators of scar endometriosis, highlighting the significance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications.